The Effect of Frameworks for Interaction on Relationships Formed During Cognitive Coaching
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ABSTRACT
Preliminary qualitative research (Neall, 2012) suggested that using explicit frameworks for
interaction can have positive impact on the formation of interpersonal relationships during
coaching and mentoring. The frameworks reflect the theoretical orientations from which they
were derived and define the dialogic space in which dyads work. When the theoretical
orientation of the coaching model places a high value on relationships, the framework for
interaction enhances the development of the interpersonal relationships formed. Drawing on
coaching theory this paper examines the micro and macro frameworks for interaction used in
Cognitive CoachingSM (Costa & Garmston, 2015) that allow coaches to develop positive
relationships with coachees quickly.
Background Information
Over the last decade, coaching in educational settings has become increasingly common in
supporting teachers in developing and sustaining best practices in reading and math (L'Allier
& Elish-Piper, 2007; Murray, Ma, & Mazur, 2009), supporting novice educators (MacCallum, 2007; Neall, Weinberg, & Wilder, 2015), sustaining division initiatives (Batt, 2010; O'Connor &
Ertmer, 2006), and, given the close relationships between coaching and educational consultation
(Denton & Hasbrouck, 2009; Schein, 2006), enhancing pre-referral intervention processes. The
frequent use of coaching has led to a proliferation of coaching models, such as Cognitive
Coaching, Instructional Coaching, Evocative Coaching, and Content Focused Coaching, among
others (Costa & Garmston, 2015; Knight, 2007; Tschannen-Moran & Tschannen-Moran, 2010;
West & Staub, 2003). Although the various models may share key elements, approaches, and