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Exam 1 questions
Chapter 1 Exam Questions 1. What statement is not true concerning hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon? a. They make up 99% of the mass of most cells. b. They are the lightest elements capable of efficiently forming one, two, three, and four bonds respectively. c. They are the only elements necessary for life. d. They are the most abundant in terms of percentage of total number of atoms in living organisms. 2. Hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and carbon are the lightest elements capable of efficiently forming one, two, three, and four bonds respectively and thus are the building blocks of 99% of the mass of most cells. a. True b. False 3. Name the four most abundant elements in living organisms (percentage total). a. Carbon oxygen nitrogen hydrogen 4. Match the term with the definition. In vivo A A. Studies conducted in a living organism. In vitro B B. Studies conducted using components previously isolated from an organism that are conducted in an artificial media and environment. Ex vivo C C. Studies conducted in or on tissues harvested from a living organism in an external environment with minimal alteration of natural conditions. In silico D D. Studies performed on a computer or by computer simulation. In situ E E. Studies conducted “In position” that is in its natural position or location. 5. ___in vivo________ studies are conducted in a living organism whereas ___in vitro________ studies are conducted using components previously isolated from an organism that are conducted in an artificial media and environment. 6. While in vitro experiments are remarkably revealing, the inside of a cell is quite different from the inside of a test tube and thus in vitro results may be different than in vivo experiments. a. True b. False 7. The randomness of disorder of the component of a chemical system are expressed as enthalpy or H. a. True b. False 8. Which of the following is not a component of free-energy content (G)? a. pH b. enthalpy (H) c. entropy (S) d. temperature (T) 9. Match the variable with its definition. G :B A.Free energy content H :D B.entropy S: F C.temperature ΔG: E D.enthalpy ΔH: A E.change in enthalpy T: C F.free-energy change 10. The standard free-energy change for two reactions that sum to a third is simply the sum of the two individual reactions. A positive value for ΔG0 indicates the reaction will tend to occur spontaneously. a. True b. False 11. Given that the standard free-energy change for the reaction glucose + Pi = glucose 6- phosphate is 13.8 kJ/mol, and the standard free-energy change for the reaction ATP = ADP + Piis -30.5 kJ/mol, what is the free-energy change for the reaction glucose + ATP = glucose 6-phosphate + ADP? a. -16.7 kJ/mol b. 16.7 kJ/mol c. 13.8kJ/mol d. -30.5 kJ/mol 12. When a system is at equilibrium, the rate of product formation exactly equals the rate at which product is converted to reactant. a. True b. False 13. Virtually every chemical reaction in a cell occurs at a significant rate because of the presence of enzymes that greatly enhance the rate of specific chemical reaction without being consumed in the process. a. True b. False 14. All biological macromolecules are much less thermodynamically stable than their monomeric subunits yet they are kinetically stable. What biomolecules catalyzes the reactions to enhance the rate of reaction to allow the biochemical processes of the cell to occur? Select the best answer. a. Enzymes b. Proteins c. Metabolites d. Chaperones
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