Geography 150B1 Final Exam Notes

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Summary Visualizing Human Geography: At Home In A
Diverse World, 2Nd Edition Lecture 1-32, Tutorial Work 1-16 -
Exam 1,2,3 Questions And Answers
Human Geography And Global Systems (University of Arizona)

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Geography 150B1 Final Exam Notes Module 1

Textbook definitions

Regional analysis: involves studying the distinctiveness of regions Formal regions: is an area that possesses one or more unifying physical or cultural traits Functional regions: is an area unified by a specific economic, political or social activity Every functional region has at least one node: business, office or entity that coordinates
the activity

Perpetual regions: derive from people’s sense of identity and attachment to different areas Perpetual regions tend to be highly variable since people often have very personal reasons
for perceiving an area a certain way

Culture: A social creation consisting of shared beliefs and practices that are dynamic rather than
fixed, and a complex system that is shaped by people and in turn, influences them Site: the physical characteristics of a place, such as its topography, vegetation, and water resources Situation: The geographic context of a place, including its political, economic, social, or
other characteristics Space: refers to either a bounded or unbounded area Absolute space: refers to an area whose dimensions, distances, directions, and contents can
be precisely measured Relative space: refers to space that is created and defined by human interactions, perceptions,
or relations between events Spatial Variation: changes in the distribution of a phenomenon from one place or area to another Spatial Association: The degree to which two or more phenomena share similar distributions Distribution: The arrangement of phenomena on or near the Earth’s surface Globalization: refers to the greater interconnectedness and interdependence of people and
places around the world Spatial interaction: the connections and relations that develop among places and regions as a result
of the movement or flow of people, goods or information Complementarity: Exists when one place or region can supply the demand for resources or goods
in another place or region Transferability: the cost of moving a good and the ability of the good to withstand that cost Intervening opportunity: is a different location that can provide a desired good more economically

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Distance decay: The tapering off of a process, pattern, or event over a distance Crude death rate: The annual number of deaths per 1000 people Life expectancy: is the average length of time from birth that a person is expected to live given
current death rates Infant mortality rate: the number of deaths of infants under one year of age per 1000 live births Population pyramid: a bar graph that shows the age and gender composition of a population Age-dependency Ratio: The number of people under the age of 15 and over the age of 65 as a
proportion of the working-age population (Elderly-Dependency Ratio and Youth-Dependency Ratio) Sex Ratio: The proportion of males to females in a population Rate of natural increase (RNI): The percentage of annual growth in a population excluding migration Food insecurity: meaning that people do not have physical or financial access to basic foodstuffs Migration: Movement from one territorial or administration unit to another associated with long-
term or permanent change in residence Emigration: refers to the out-migration or departure of people from an area Immigration: refer to the in-migration or arrival of people in a new location Net Migration: is the difference between immigration into and emigration from an area in a
given period of time, such as a year Ravenstein’s principle (1885)

1. Most migrations cover short distances and do not cross international boundaries
2. Migration involves two opposite processes: dispersion (the departure of migrants from a
place of origin) and absorption (the arrival of migrants in a place of destination)
3. Migration flows produce counterflows
4. Urban areas are common destinations of long distance migrants
5. Urban residents tend to be less likely to migrate than rural residents
6. Women migrate more than men within their country of birth, whereas men more
frequently migrate beyond their country of birth

Push factors: Unfavorable conditions or attributes of a place that encourage migration Pull factors: Favorable conditions or attributes of a place that attract migrants Internal Migration: occurs when people move within a country, from one county, state, or region
to another Rural-out migration: involves either rural-rural migration or rural-urban migration Urban-out migration: urban-urban migration and urban-rural migration (counter-urbanization) Urban-urban migration