CMSRN Exam Prep 2021-2022: A Medical Surgical Nursing Study Guide with Test Bank
what type of hyponatremia is most common, results from excessive fluid intake and leads to decreased serum sodium concentration? - dilutional hypotnatremia
symptoms of diltuional hyponatremia - edema, confusion, weight gain
treatment of dilutional hyponatremia - fluid restriction
what type of hyponatremia results from fluid and sodium loss? - true hyponatremia
symptoms of true hyponatremia - dry tissue, weight loss, hypotension, tachycardia
treatment of true hyponatremia - replace sodium AND water (NS or LR)
causes of true hyponatremia - burns, hemorrhage, adrenal insufficiency
what type of sodium imbalance is caused by decreased fluid intake or water loss without loss of sodium? - hypernatremia
causes of hypernatremia - fever, IVF with sodium, DI, high protein TF
symptoms of hypernatremia - dry tissues, weight gain, thirst, tachycardia, oliguria
treatment of hypernatremia - decrease sodium, replace fluids
which electrolyte does sodium work with? - chloride - works to maintain acid/base balance
which labs are most important to watch with potassium abnormalities? - renal
what does potassium have an inverse relationship with? - PH, insulin, calcium
causes of hyperkalemia - cell wall destruction, increased intake, potassium sparing diuretics, renal failure, acidosis
symptoms of hyperkalemia - irritable muscles, cardiac arrhythmias, hyperactive bowels, bladder
treatment of hyperkalemia - limit intake, kaexylate, calcium gluconate, IV glucose and insulin, dialysis
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