CJ 230 - Criminal Investigations Exam 1

Henry Fielding - appointed in 1748 as Magistrate of England's Bow Street.

First Paid Detective Unit - Bow Street Runners - 1750

Eugene Francois Vidocq - Father of modern criminology
Criminal turned crime fighter
Formed Brigade de la Surete
Head of the National Police Force
First private detective in history

Brigade de la Surete - plain clothed civilian detective unit

Allan Pinkerton - Appointed as the first detective in Chicago in 1849
Co-founder of the Northwestern Police Agency
Developed stings, undercover work and surveillance

Early Criminal Investigation Units in the U.S - Chicago
Detroit
New York
Cincinnati

Criminal Investigation - The process of discovering, collecting, preparing, Identifying and presenting evidence to determine what happened and who is responsible

Deductive Reasoning - A logical process in which a conclusion follows from specific facts

Criminalistics - refers to the specialists trained in recording, identifying and interpreting the minuet details of physical evidence

Criminalist - Searches for, collects and preserves physical evidence in investigations of crime and suspected criminals

Exchange Principle - Dr. Edmond Locard's belief that a criminal either leaves behind or takes something from the scene of a crime

Crime - An act in violation of penal law and an offense against the state.

Felony - A serious crime generally punishable by death or imprisonment of more than one year in a penitentiary

Misdemeanor - A crime or offense that is less serious and is punishable by a find or imprisonment of as long as one year in an institution other than a penitentiary.

Criminal Statute - A legislative act relating to a crimine and its punishment

Ordinance - An act of the legislative body of municipality or county relating to all the rules governing the municipality or county, including misdemeanors.

Goals of Criminal Investigation - Determine whether a crime has been committed
Legally obtain info and evidence to ID responsible person
Arrest suspect
Recover stolen property
Present the best possible case to prosecutor

A Successful Investigation is One in Which: - ESTABLISHES THE TRUTH
logical sequence is followed
all evidence is legal
all witnesses are effectively interviewed
all suspects are legally interrogated
all leads are throughly developed
all details are accurate and complete in records and reports

Investigators Perform These Functions: - Provide emergency assistance
Secure the crime scene
Photograph videotape and sketch
Take notes and write reports
Search for, obtain and proves physical evidence
Obtain information from witnesses and suspects
Identify suspects
Conduct raids, surveillances, stakeouts, undercover operations
Testify in court