LATEST NESTER’S
MICROBIOLOGY : A Human
perspective, 16th edition – Host Microbe
Interactions study
set 2023-2024 VERSION
A GLIMPSE OF HISTORY
1. What did ancients believe diseases were?
2. Who discovered microorganisms in the 17th century?
3. What did the discovery of microorganisms in the 17th century lead people to believe? - ANSWER-1. Divine Punishment
2. Leeuwenhoek
3. That they (people) might cause disease
4.* What scientific theory did Robert Koch offer evidence of?
5. Due to Koch's work we learned that bacillus anthracis causes....?
6. What disease was later worked on by Koch?
7. What is the formalized criteria that establishes the cause of diseases? - ANSWER-4.* Germ Theory
5. Anthrax
6. Tuberculosis
7. Koch's Postulates
INTRODUCTION
1.* How do we contact most microorganisms?
2. Do most microorganisms harm us? - ANSWER-1.* By breathing in, ingest them with food and drinks, and by picking them up on our skin
2. No
MICROBES, HEALTH AND DISEASE
1.* Are most microbes harmful or beneficial to our bodies?
2. Can microbes cause disease? - ANSWER-1.* Most microbes are harmless; many are beneficial
2. Yes, some can cause disease if there is an opportunity
3.* What happens to most microorganisms that are ingested?
4.* How many pathogens we come in contact to cause damage to the human body? - ANSWER-3.* They die in our stomachs or are eliminated in our feces
4.* Relatively few
5.* What are the individuals who have weaknesses or defects in immunity which leads to invasion called?
6. People are susceptible to which factors because of their weakness or defects in immunity? - ANSWER-5.* Immunocompromised
6. Malnutrition, cancer, AIDS, surgery, wounds, genetic defects, alcohol or drug abuse, and immunosuppressive therapy
THE ANATOMICAL BARRIERS AS ECOSYSTEMS
1. Skin and mucous membranes are...?
2. What type of ecosystem do skin and mucous membranes host?
3.* What is symbiosis? - ANSWER-1. Barriers
2. Complex ecosystem of microorganisms
3.* "Living Together"
4.* Which example of symbiosis means both partners benefit?
5. * Which example of symbiosis means one partner benefits and the other is unharmed?
6.* Which example of symbiosis means one organism benefits at the expense of the other? - ANSWER-4.* Mutualism
5.* Commensalism
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