Heap Sort is a sorting algorithm that sorts an array by first converting it into a binary heap data structure. A binary heap is a complete binary tree in which the value of each node is greater than or equal to its children's values.
To perform heap sort, we first build a max heap from the given array. We then repeatedly extract the maximum element from the heap and swap it with the last element in the array. After each swap, we decrease the size of the heap by 1 and repeat the process until the entire array is sorted.
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